Four Kinds of Religion
There are four kinds of religion in this world namely, Natural, Organised, Revealed and Institutionalised religions.
(1) Natural religion.
In prehistoric times, primitive man lived in fear because he was surrounded by the mysteries of unexplained natural phenomena. Primitive man naturally feared what he could not understand. Fear comes to those who are not able to comprehend the laws of nature. Fears are nothing more than states of the mind.
When early man could not understand the nature and reality of natural phenomena and other natural occurrences, he developed a belief that there is indeed some sort of divine or supernatural power behind these inexplicable occurrences such as the seasons, eclipses, lightning, thunder, rain, the rainbow, volcanic eruptions, flood, drought and various other mysterious occurrences.
He thought they were the work of powerful supernatural forces which he had to placate so that they would help him to lead a peaceful life. Accordingly he began to worship them and enlist their aid to ensure his survival and his power over others. Over time these practices and beliefs were organised into formal ritual and prayer, giving rise to what we call "natural religion".
(2) Organised religion.
Before religions came into existence, human beings had humanistic concepts but there was no "religion" as such. Through the development of their inherent humane qualities and virtues, they organised certain practices and according to their way of thinking developed a code of behaviour to govern the society in which they lived. The primal, instinctual forces of shame and fear (hiri and ottappa) were the guiding factors which shaped their conduct regarding themselves and others. The resultant moral codes and beliefs eventually developed into religion.
(3) Revealed Religion.
It originates from a message given by a Supreme Deity through a messenger or prophet in the form of commandments or religious laws. The followers strongly believe that the divine message as revealed to them is the basis of their conduct in spiritual and social matters.
(4) Institutionalised religion.
In other societies, humans introduced a religious way of life by developing psychology, philosophy, morals and ethics in an orderly manner. In order to maintain order and good conduct, they introduced regulations to cultivate humane qualities, to live peacefully and solve the numerous problems, calamities and disturbances that confront them in this world. These were later formalised, given a spiritual basis and became institutionalised.
A well-known Buddhist scholar Bhikkhu Buddhadasa classifies religion in the following manner:
Religion of Miraculous Power and Magic based on fear on the part of its followers.
Religion of Faith - merely based on Faith and Prayer.
Religion of Karma - based on the self-help principle.
Religion of Wisdom - based on free thinking (reasoning).
Religion of Peace - based on non-harming oneself as well as others.
Religion of Loving Kindness or 'Love' based on giving up all and everything (for others) etc.
There are four kinds of religion in this world namely, Natural, Organised, Revealed and Institutionalised religions.
(1) Natural religion.
In prehistoric times, primitive man lived in fear because he was surrounded by the mysteries of unexplained natural phenomena. Primitive man naturally feared what he could not understand. Fear comes to those who are not able to comprehend the laws of nature. Fears are nothing more than states of the mind.
When early man could not understand the nature and reality of natural phenomena and other natural occurrences, he developed a belief that there is indeed some sort of divine or supernatural power behind these inexplicable occurrences such as the seasons, eclipses, lightning, thunder, rain, the rainbow, volcanic eruptions, flood, drought and various other mysterious occurrences.
He thought they were the work of powerful supernatural forces which he had to placate so that they would help him to lead a peaceful life. Accordingly he began to worship them and enlist their aid to ensure his survival and his power over others. Over time these practices and beliefs were organised into formal ritual and prayer, giving rise to what we call "natural religion".
(2) Organised religion.
Before religions came into existence, human beings had humanistic concepts but there was no "religion" as such. Through the development of their inherent humane qualities and virtues, they organised certain practices and according to their way of thinking developed a code of behaviour to govern the society in which they lived. The primal, instinctual forces of shame and fear (hiri and ottappa) were the guiding factors which shaped their conduct regarding themselves and others. The resultant moral codes and beliefs eventually developed into religion.
(3) Revealed Religion.
It originates from a message given by a Supreme Deity through a messenger or prophet in the form of commandments or religious laws. The followers strongly believe that the divine message as revealed to them is the basis of their conduct in spiritual and social matters.
(4) Institutionalised religion.
In other societies, humans introduced a religious way of life by developing psychology, philosophy, morals and ethics in an orderly manner. In order to maintain order and good conduct, they introduced regulations to cultivate humane qualities, to live peacefully and solve the numerous problems, calamities and disturbances that confront them in this world. These were later formalised, given a spiritual basis and became institutionalised.
A well-known Buddhist scholar Bhikkhu Buddhadasa classifies religion in the following manner:
Religion of Miraculous Power and Magic based on fear on the part of its followers.
Religion of Faith - merely based on Faith and Prayer.
Religion of Karma - based on the self-help principle.
Religion of Wisdom - based on free thinking (reasoning).
Religion of Peace - based on non-harming oneself as well as others.
Religion of Loving Kindness or 'Love' based on giving up all and everything (for others) etc.